"For the first time in history, the streets of Paris are safe, because the bankers, debt collectors, employers, ministers, and priests have emigrated. The city is now living "
Bertold Brecht, "The days of the Commune."
This year marks the 140th anniversary of the Paris Commune, proclaimed by the French proletariat in March 1871.
This event, although it receives some attention, it is not put in place that truly deserves in the history of mankind and the history of labor movements worldwide.
The bourgeoisie of the world, fears spread in depth the events of those weeks in 1871 and everywhere it is seen as a mere point, circumstantial and anecdotal, that hardly deserves mention in the textbooks.
However, for and revolutionaries around the world, the Commune of Paris has another meaning. The Commune was the first time in the history of mankind, in which the working people and the worker took the reins of power and tried to establish a government based on socialist principles and revolutionary.
However, this government, still inexperienced not to jump to the political takeover of the French Republic, which had advanced in almost 50 years the establishment of the first workers' state in history, an honor he would fall on the Russian Bolsheviks 1917.
The genesis of the revolution in Paris is located externally on calls Franco-Prussian war, framed in the imperialist desires of the emerging German bourgeoisie and the landlord William Otto von Bismarck, began in the 60's of XIX century and was intended not only to unify the old German states in one nation, if not expanded through Europe and to place the German Empire at the head of the continent. In this context, the war extends to the French Empire in 1870. In the middle of that war, the French emperor Napoleon III was taken prisoner by the Germans and a vacuum of power in Paris.
On September 1, 1870, while the French emperor Napoleon III surrendered to the Prussians at the Battle of Sedan, Republicans rose Paris and proclaimed the Third Republic, three days later, moderate and under the influence of the bourgeoisie embodied by Adolphe Thiers. Meanwhile, the Prussian imperial forces proclaimed the German Empire at Versailles in January 1871.
Internally, the causes of the French revolution of 1871, workers have to look at the logic of the ruling class struggle around the world in the late nineteenth century. The working people of Paris, sick and tired of poverty, hunger, exploitation and oppression of bankers, industrialists, bourgeois and priests, now bursting with indignation to see how their children died dozens in the Prussian front fighting for bourgeoisie imperialist and a sovereign would not put him more than suffering and exploitation. Class society, established by blood and fire in the heat of the industrial revolutions of modern and contemporary, had been established especially hard in countries like France, had developed a whip industrialization and laid the foundations for hegemony a strong middle class and a particularly voracious capitalist system is demonstrated with a vengeance in the internal oppression of working class and foreign oppression in the African and Asian imperialism, enslaving and subjecting thousands of people around the world.
In this context of struggle and to the power vacuum in Paris for the capture of the emperor in the front and the flight of the newly established bourgeois Provisional Government of the Third Republic of the hand of Thiers at Versailles to negotiate with the Germans, there is the political takeover of the French capital Paris.
Parisians staged an uprising against the bourgeois provisional government on 17 and 18 March 1871 and established a government of the proletariat in Paris called the Central Committee of the National Guard, named in honor of these militias made up of children broad working class and class consciousness and revolutionary were those who took up arms against the bourgeoisie, and set the election of a council City for the 26th March.
Thus the March 28, 1871, proclaimed the Commune of Paris, waving the red flag in place of the tricolor, consisting of 92 members, known as the Communards, headed by the Socialist Louis Auguste Blanqui.
Measures were taken by the Commune;
-
Dissolve the regular army (glimpse of aristocratic order) and replace the Democratic National Guard, that is all the people in arms.
-
Creating a health system that ensures the health of people and National Guard troops in combat.
- Small industrial
were respected even in a new industrial relations framework in which the worker had his rights.
-
rents began to be controlled by the municipality, setting a ceiling and interest on debt elimination.
-
The secular education became free and compulsory. Passed curricula to be done by the teachers themselves, which guaranteed the scientific disciplines.
-
nurseries were established to care for children of working
-
Professional Training was created where workers gave free practice for students.
- Creating
Republican Association of Schools with the aim of creating in the universities an incentive based on scientific knowledge.
-
In the world of art and displayed a lot of cultural associations for the promotion of theater and libraries.
-
The abolition of the guillotine, repressive method controlled by the bourgeoisie.
-
The abolition of night workers.
-
Granting pensions to widows of war heroes.
-
workers were allowed to form cooperatives, taking over abandoned factories.
-
Freedom of press, assembly and association.
-
Religious life was separated from civilian life. The state took possession of the assets of the church, and these could only continue their activities if they offered their facilities for political meetings in them.
However, despite the enormous political work of the Commune (led by the "Council of the Commune"), two elements, the result of the lack of political experience revolutionary commoners were key to the bourgeoisie, reassembled Versailles begin the counterattack against the revolutionaries, the lack of military decision against Versailles, so that instead of marching on the remnants of bourgeois government in Versailles, wipe the counter and take power in the nation, and fear of unleashing a civil war ignore the bourgeois government of Thiers, during all this time is reset militarily with the help of the German bourgeoisie of Versailles, as interested as the French the annihilation of the revolutionary government of the working class of Paris.
On the other hand, the Bank of France, far from being controlled and managed directly by the working class to respect, so this, led by the bourgeois deviation in secret francs bourgeois government to rearm and launch Thiers commoner against the government. Fearing
Bismark itself to the phenomenon of the Commune infect the rest of Europe (especially in Germany, with a strong labor movement), he returns to the bourgeois government of Thiers all troops still had retained for the elimination of the commoners. Thus
May 21, 1871 a bourgeois army of 180,000 men were out to conquer Paris street by street. The defense was organized in barricades, defended by the National Guard and working people in arms, in which both men and women fighting. The struggle was unequal to the military power of the bourgeois army, with military support from its allies of the German bourgeoisie that joined the common interests of class, yet the villagers fought until death. The battle lasted
a week, until 28 May when the last barricade falls defended by a single community member by the death of his companions. On May 28, 1871, Thiers bourgeois government officially announced the liberation of Paris, after a bloody crackdown that ended the lives of many compatriots.
An estimated 30,000 workers and supporters of the Commune were executed (among other places in the famous "Wall of the Communards" in the heart of Paris and place of commemoration of the French revolutionaries until today), the which must be added about 40,000 people sent to the colonies, with hard labor, where most died of disease and ill-treatment. The revenge of the bourgeoisie, the working people daring to his desire to be free and drowned in blood (as they have historically dominant classes around the world and throughout history, from the time of Spartacus until today) the desire the French working people to be free.
There are lessons to be drawn from this historical experience, on one hand, the determination of the working people to take power, to get rid of oppression and exploitation and to establish a workers government, which show the degree of evolution of the labor movement against utopian tendencies that were hegemonic in the French labor movement at that time. The workers' struggle and the spirit internationalist permeated every second of life of the Commune of Paris. In fact, the very core of this historical experience of mankind were born to the two great symbols of the world labor movement, the red flag officer teaches French commoners and the ultimate anthem of the labor movement "The International", born in the heat R AIT established by Marx and Engels a few years earlier, which was written by the French revolutionary and poet Eugène Pottier during the days of the Commune.
other hand, however, also be highlighting the mistakes made by the community. Marx, Engels and Lenin, but always admired the courage of the villagers, they thought it yet were given the historical and economic conditions for developing a socialist revolution. They also criticized the organizational weakness, often due to ideological diversity, which meant that in the decisive moments no decisions were made quickly and correctly, including the aforementioned military not to take the remains of the bourgeois government of Versailles or crush counterrevolutionaries in Paris the same day establishing the Commune or no direct control of the Bank of France, who secretly supports the bourgeois counterrevolution.
However, the undeniable historical example of the French commoners served as the basis for action all revolutionaries worldwide, in the ensuing decades, would take all the teachings of the French proletarian brothers to start their own revolutions. It is no secret that, without doubt, the Russian revolutionaries Lenin and were well aware of the lessons of the Commune of Paris, its successes and failures to lay the foundations of the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 and the establishment of the first state worker history, the USSR.
Undoubtedly, the revolutionaries of the world, must be, today, 140 years later, eternally grateful to our sisters and brothers in Paris who once gave their lives and blood for the cause of emancipation of the class international working and whose example still under the oppression of the bourgeoisie and capitalism, should guide us firmly in the same purpose as our French comrades in 1871, the seizure of political power by the working class and the establishment of a revolutionary government for emancipation of the working class internationally. VIVA
the French working class.
VIVA LA COMMUNE DE PARIS. VIVA LA REVOLUTION
INTERNATIONAL. Wilf-
"CS Iskra
This event, although it receives some attention, it is not put in place that truly deserves in the history of mankind and the history of labor movements worldwide.
The bourgeoisie of the world, fears spread in depth the events of those weeks in 1871 and everywhere it is seen as a mere point, circumstantial and anecdotal, that hardly deserves mention in the textbooks.
However, for and revolutionaries around the world, the Commune of Paris has another meaning. The Commune was the first time in the history of mankind, in which the working people and the worker took the reins of power and tried to establish a government based on socialist principles and revolutionary.
However, this government, still inexperienced not to jump to the political takeover of the French Republic, which had advanced in almost 50 years the establishment of the first workers' state in history, an honor he would fall on the Russian Bolsheviks 1917.
The genesis of the revolution in Paris is located externally on calls Franco-Prussian war, framed in the imperialist desires of the emerging German bourgeoisie and the landlord William Otto von Bismarck, began in the 60's of XIX century and was intended not only to unify the old German states in one nation, if not expanded through Europe and to place the German Empire at the head of the continent. In this context, the war extends to the French Empire in 1870. In the middle of that war, the French emperor Napoleon III was taken prisoner by the Germans and a vacuum of power in Paris.
On September 1, 1870, while the French emperor Napoleon III surrendered to the Prussians at the Battle of Sedan, Republicans rose Paris and proclaimed the Third Republic, three days later, moderate and under the influence of the bourgeoisie embodied by Adolphe Thiers. Meanwhile, the Prussian imperial forces proclaimed the German Empire at Versailles in January 1871.
Internally, the causes of the French revolution of 1871, workers have to look at the logic of the ruling class struggle around the world in the late nineteenth century. The working people of Paris, sick and tired of poverty, hunger, exploitation and oppression of bankers, industrialists, bourgeois and priests, now bursting with indignation to see how their children died dozens in the Prussian front fighting for bourgeoisie imperialist and a sovereign would not put him more than suffering and exploitation. Class society, established by blood and fire in the heat of the industrial revolutions of modern and contemporary, had been established especially hard in countries like France, had developed a whip industrialization and laid the foundations for hegemony a strong middle class and a particularly voracious capitalist system is demonstrated with a vengeance in the internal oppression of working class and foreign oppression in the African and Asian imperialism, enslaving and subjecting thousands of people around the world.
In this context of struggle and to the power vacuum in Paris for the capture of the emperor in the front and the flight of the newly established bourgeois Provisional Government of the Third Republic of the hand of Thiers at Versailles to negotiate with the Germans, there is the political takeover of the French capital Paris.
Parisians staged an uprising against the bourgeois provisional government on 17 and 18 March 1871 and established a government of the proletariat in Paris called the Central Committee of the National Guard, named in honor of these militias made up of children broad working class and class consciousness and revolutionary were those who took up arms against the bourgeoisie, and set the election of a council City for the 26th March.
Thus the March 28, 1871, proclaimed the Commune of Paris, waving the red flag in place of the tricolor, consisting of 92 members, known as the Communards, headed by the Socialist Louis Auguste Blanqui.
Measures were taken by the Commune;
-
Dissolve the regular army (glimpse of aristocratic order) and replace the Democratic National Guard, that is all the people in arms.
-
Creating a health system that ensures the health of people and National Guard troops in combat.
- Small industrial
were respected even in a new industrial relations framework in which the worker had his rights.
-
rents began to be controlled by the municipality, setting a ceiling and interest on debt elimination.
-
The secular education became free and compulsory. Passed curricula to be done by the teachers themselves, which guaranteed the scientific disciplines.
-
nurseries were established to care for children of working
-
Professional Training was created where workers gave free practice for students.
- Creating
Republican Association of Schools with the aim of creating in the universities an incentive based on scientific knowledge.
-
In the world of art and displayed a lot of cultural associations for the promotion of theater and libraries.
-
The abolition of the guillotine, repressive method controlled by the bourgeoisie.
-
The abolition of night workers.
-
Granting pensions to widows of war heroes.
-
workers were allowed to form cooperatives, taking over abandoned factories.
-
Freedom of press, assembly and association.
-
Religious life was separated from civilian life. The state took possession of the assets of the church, and these could only continue their activities if they offered their facilities for political meetings in them.
However, despite the enormous political work of the Commune (led by the "Council of the Commune"), two elements, the result of the lack of political experience revolutionary commoners were key to the bourgeoisie, reassembled Versailles begin the counterattack against the revolutionaries, the lack of military decision against Versailles, so that instead of marching on the remnants of bourgeois government in Versailles, wipe the counter and take power in the nation, and fear of unleashing a civil war ignore the bourgeois government of Thiers, during all this time is reset militarily with the help of the German bourgeoisie of Versailles, as interested as the French the annihilation of the revolutionary government of the working class of Paris.
On the other hand, the Bank of France, far from being controlled and managed directly by the working class to respect, so this, led by the bourgeois deviation in secret francs bourgeois government to rearm and launch Thiers commoner against the government. Fearing
Bismark itself to the phenomenon of the Commune infect the rest of Europe (especially in Germany, with a strong labor movement), he returns to the bourgeois government of Thiers all troops still had retained for the elimination of the commoners. Thus
May 21, 1871 a bourgeois army of 180,000 men were out to conquer Paris street by street. The defense was organized in barricades, defended by the National Guard and working people in arms, in which both men and women fighting. The struggle was unequal to the military power of the bourgeois army, with military support from its allies of the German bourgeoisie that joined the common interests of class, yet the villagers fought until death. The battle lasted
a week, until 28 May when the last barricade falls defended by a single community member by the death of his companions. On May 28, 1871, Thiers bourgeois government officially announced the liberation of Paris, after a bloody crackdown that ended the lives of many compatriots.
An estimated 30,000 workers and supporters of the Commune were executed (among other places in the famous "Wall of the Communards" in the heart of Paris and place of commemoration of the French revolutionaries until today), the which must be added about 40,000 people sent to the colonies, with hard labor, where most died of disease and ill-treatment. The revenge of the bourgeoisie, the working people daring to his desire to be free and drowned in blood (as they have historically dominant classes around the world and throughout history, from the time of Spartacus until today) the desire the French working people to be free.
There are lessons to be drawn from this historical experience, on one hand, the determination of the working people to take power, to get rid of oppression and exploitation and to establish a workers government, which show the degree of evolution of the labor movement against utopian tendencies that were hegemonic in the French labor movement at that time. The workers' struggle and the spirit internationalist permeated every second of life of the Commune of Paris. In fact, the very core of this historical experience of mankind were born to the two great symbols of the world labor movement, the red flag officer teaches French commoners and the ultimate anthem of the labor movement "The International", born in the heat R AIT established by Marx and Engels a few years earlier, which was written by the French revolutionary and poet Eugène Pottier during the days of the Commune.
other hand, however, also be highlighting the mistakes made by the community. Marx, Engels and Lenin, but always admired the courage of the villagers, they thought it yet were given the historical and economic conditions for developing a socialist revolution. They also criticized the organizational weakness, often due to ideological diversity, which meant that in the decisive moments no decisions were made quickly and correctly, including the aforementioned military not to take the remains of the bourgeois government of Versailles or crush counterrevolutionaries in Paris the same day establishing the Commune or no direct control of the Bank of France, who secretly supports the bourgeois counterrevolution.
However, the undeniable historical example of the French commoners served as the basis for action all revolutionaries worldwide, in the ensuing decades, would take all the teachings of the French proletarian brothers to start their own revolutions. It is no secret that, without doubt, the Russian revolutionaries Lenin and were well aware of the lessons of the Commune of Paris, its successes and failures to lay the foundations of the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 and the establishment of the first state worker history, the USSR.
Undoubtedly, the revolutionaries of the world, must be, today, 140 years later, eternally grateful to our sisters and brothers in Paris who once gave their lives and blood for the cause of emancipation of the class international working and whose example still under the oppression of the bourgeoisie and capitalism, should guide us firmly in the same purpose as our French comrades in 1871, the seizure of political power by the working class and the establishment of a revolutionary government for emancipation of the working class internationally. VIVA
the French working class.
VIVA LA COMMUNE DE PARIS. VIVA LA REVOLUTION
INTERNATIONAL. Wilf-
"CS Iskra
0 comments:
Post a Comment